Women s Impact On Society - 1054 Words

Women have been a key part in United States history since the beginning, whether that means in economics, politics, or the social sphere. Women have continually been put below men as the â€Å"second sex.† However, without women every aspect of American life would be different. Women play a crucial role in consumerism, reform, and culture, which are all main parts of United States domestic life. A lot of women unintentionally participate in consumer culture and economics daily. In early America, women played an important part in consumer based boycotts. These included the boycotting of tea and cloth, which drastically helped Northern Americas become less economically dependent on Europe based products. Later in United States history, women were persuaded to buy items based on mass-circulation magazine ads that were in popular in 1890’s. These ads convinced women to buy brand-name items that promoted comfort for their household. The new products that consumers were buyin g also promoted leisure, as seen by places like New York City where department stores were becoming the new trend. For a long time in America, ads promoted traditional ideas of the ideal, nuclear family. This attracted more women to stores and became known as the culture of sentimentalism. During this time, the idea of having a household economy, where the women does the financial spending, while the husband makes the money became a well-accepted idea. As consumer culture, really took off in the 1920’s, womenShow MoreRelatedWomen s Impact On Society2931 Words   |  12 PagesMary Astell was primarily known for her impact on the role of women in society, her views on education, religious views, and her ideas of reason and the nature of man. During Astell’s time, men believed that women were inferior; in addition they believed that women were only put on earth to bear her children and take care of the children while managing the household. Because women were conside red inferior, they were not given the same jobs or life opportunities as men had received, and thereforeRead MoreWomen And Women s Impact On Society1417 Words   |  6 Pagesalso been instances in history where men and women embodied specific roles in their relationships and households. During in the 1800’s, women were expected to be the caretakers of the home, to produce children, to never really have professional jobs of their own, and to do as they were told by their husband. During this time men were the leading figure of â€Å"dominance† in the household due to their social and professional images. The freedoms that women have today were basically as far out of sightRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Women s Society2399 Words   |  10 PagesDissertation – Chapter 1 What impact does the media have on females in todays society? Mass media shapes the world and the ‘perfect’ female is depicted through magazines, TV, music, internet, billboards, toys, movies, commercials etc. on a daily basis, impacting women and girls on how to perceive their own bodies, how to look and how to behave. Beauty standards have changed throughout the decades, even centuries, and has always placed immense pressure on females. From 1400s-1700s, an overweightRead MoreWomen s Magazines And Its Impact On Society1813 Words   |  8 Pages Women s magazines have been around for a long time dating back to the 1600 s with The Murcury magazine in 1693 covering similar stories to that of today s women s magazines like Cosmopolitan or Glamour which consist of fashion, make-up, love and family. However women s magazines haven t always been associated with superficial substance, but as provoking and political covering stories of social activism; Glamour being the first women s magazine to cover a women s right to abortion. As womenRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution And The Effects On Women s Rights1569 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution and the Effects on Women s Rights The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important and productive periods of history. The Industrial Revolution has to do with the time between the late 18th century and mid-19th century where there were profound advances in production, manufacturing, and other fields of engineering. It began in Great Britain in the late 1700s which then spread to the United States and then to many other parts of the world. Societies were very rural but they changedRead MoreThe Budget Is The Most Important Policy Tool Of Government1024 Words   |  5 Pagesreality gender-blind . To address the differential impact of government expenditures and revenue on men and women, gender responsive budgeting (GRB) has developed as a strategy to promote gender equality and create accountability for governments to uphold their national policy commitments to women. Since the mid-1980s, UN Women has worked with a few dozen countries to adopt some form of gender responsive budgeting, and with varying success of impact on gender outcomes and on resource distributionRead MoreImpact Of World War I On Women s Roles1517 Words   |  7 PagesAsmeeta Singh Assess the impact of World War I on the role of women in Australian society. In assessing the impact of World War 1 on women’s roles in Australian society, it is clearly obvious that there was no great effect. Women took on a great deal of responsibility when men were at war and many aspects were discovered about women’s abilities and many injustices were also created, which revolved around women, their jobs and the rest of their daily lives. According to https://womenshistory.netRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreThe Characteristics Of A Boy And A Girl1536 Words   |  7 Pagesin our society? Why does society find such a need to distinguish boys from girls and where did all of this stem from? Gender socialization has had a major impact on the American society since its colonization. History has seen massive changes in the behavioral and social expectations of both men and women. Historical events such as World War two as well as Industrialization are some of the major driving forces that helped sculpt our modern day gender roles as well as their negative impacts on ourRead MoreThe Advertising Of Diet Plans And Supplements Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesToday s society is constantly presented with misrepresentations of the ideal body image through the advertising of diet plans and supplements. Companies in the fitness industry scam people into buying useless products or services by advertising with individuals that have, what the mass media sees as, the perfect body composition. In addition to getting consumers to buy into a product or service, these companies also aid society with the spreading of this fake idea of what classifies as the

Sociology Essay - 966 Words

In this essay, I will assess the strengths and limitations of unstructured interviews for investigating the effect of material deprivation on educational achievement by using Item B and my own knowledge. Material deprivation is the idea that a lack of money leads to disadvantages, Item B gives an example of ‘low household income, poor housing and a lack of work space in the home.’ An advantage of unstructured interviews would be that it is very informal; therefore, the respondent is more likely to be relaxed. This would be useful when asking them about material deprivation, as it could be quite a sensitive topic to some. Using the unstructured method is good for researching sensitive topics as empathy and trust can be built easier, just†¦show more content†¦Another disadvantage would be the Interviewer Effect. This is when the interviewer may ask leading questions that provokes an answer. The age, ethnicity, nationality, tone of voice, facial expression or gender of the interviewer may also influence answers given. Because the investigation is based on educational achievement, it is likely the interviewer is going to interview pupils. Therefore, the interviewee will be young in age and most likely to be impressionable; therefore, they are most likely to be influenced on their answers. In addition, even though an unstructured interview is very relaxed, it is still an interview and is seen as an artificial conversation, in which inevitably, there will be power and status, which may lead to the interviewee giving what is seen as socially desirable answers, this is called the Halo Effect. This is when the interviewee tells the interviewer what the interviewee thinks the interviewer wants to hear. Because the research is based on educational achievement, the interviewee is likely to be younger than the interviewer is, in which case the interviewee may feel intimidated by the status divide and give socially desirable answers. However, because the interviewee may be young, they may also perform the Screw You Effect because they may not have matured. This is when the respondent gives ridiculous answers to the sociologist on purpose just to be a bother to them. Furthermore, if the unstructured interview isShow MoreRelatedSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesAS Sociology Sociology Nik Jorgensen Text  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby StreetRead MoreSociology Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagesmight account for social order, and discuss the extent to which you find those explanations convincing. Social order is one of the most central aspects of sociology. Two main factors are necessary for the existence of social order: predictability of society and cooperative behaviour of individuals (Hechter and Horne, 2003). In this essay I will describe how ‘values and norms’ and ‘power and authority’ account for social order, drawing on the explanations offered in Theories of Social Order: ARead MoreEssay Sociology676 Words   |  3 PagesPolitical and Social Research (Kendall, 01/2014, p. 49). The flaws would be if not all students were counted or were recorded incorrectly. Also some information may not be available that would make the study more precise. Kendall, D. (01/2014). Sociology in Our Times, 10th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781305450387 Read MoreEssay Sociology and Religion1158 Words   |  5 Pagessome experience with religion. Whether our parents are religious, our own religious views, or others who try and convert you to a religion, we have all come in contact with a religion. But what do sociology and religion have to do with each other? The answer to this question is that religion meets sociology in the affects that it has on an individual or society (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). What is a religion? A religion is defined by Richard Schaefer as a unified system of beliefs andRead MoreSociology as Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesour understanding of how social identity is shaped by gender. (24 marks) An identity is who we are, this is made up of how we see ourselves and how others see us. Social identity is based on ones membership to particular groups in society. This essay will examine the way in which sociologist contribute to our understanding by providing theories and ideas of how social identity is shaped by gender. Ann Oakley, a feminist sociologist suggested that there are four ways in which gender socializationRead MoreSociology and Deviance Essay2077 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Becoming a deviant involves a social process of definition†. The purpose of this essay is to show how this sociological perspective can assist in understanding drug taking in society. In the essay I will discuss the notion of deviance and will demonstrate that people do not become deviants on the strength of their behaviour alone, but by the sanctions of a society whose norms that the offender has deemed to have violated. I will examine approaches to deviance through biological, psychologicalRead MoreSociology of Sport Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesin Society: Issues and Controversies 8th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. Craig, P., Beedie, P. (2008). Sport Sociology. Exeter, UK: Learning Matters. Jarvie, G. (2006). Sport, Culture and Society: An Introduction. Abingdon: Routledge. Messner, M. A. (2007). Out of play : critical essays on gender and sport . New York: State University of New York Press. Mewett, P. (2000). Sociology: Australian Connections 2nd edition. Sydney: Allen Unwin.Read MoreReflective Sociology Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ The last six weeks have challenged my preconceived ideas about sociology and the role that it plays in society in the popular and social media, my values, behaviours and belief system. What I hope to highlight throughout this reflective essay is what I have learnt and how that has shaped my new thought process and reinforced old thought patterns. Week one I learnt about the Sociological imagination where to quote C Wright â€Å"The sociological imagination enables us to grasp the connection betweenRead More Sociology and Globalisation Essay2142 Words   |  9 Pages Globalization has been recognized as a new age in which the world has developed into what Giddens identifies to be a â€Å"single social system† (Anthony Giddens: 1993 ‘Sociology’ pg 528), due to the rise of interdependence of various countries on one another, therefore affecting practically everyone within society. In this essay I will give a detailed explanation of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have tried to explain it. Globalisation can be construed inRead MoreSociology and Common Sense Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesExplain the difference between a â€Å"common sense† and a â€Å"sociological† view of human behaviour, giving relevant examples. Sociology is a social science that enables people to understand the structure and dynamics of society. By using a scientific approach, and by critically analysing society using qualitative and quantitative methods, sociologists can find patterns and connections within human behaviour to provide explanations of how society affects people. Sociological views are based on theories

Calculating and Paying Capital Gains Tax

Question: Discuss about the Calculating and Paying Capital Gains Tax. Answer: Introduction: The case given in the question revolves around Mary Jackson who is the employee of a company. The company has given many benefits to Mary. Mary works as a marketing consultant for the company. On February 10th Mary decided to shift to Brisbane where she would work for Elite Retail as a marketing consultant. Several benefits have been provided to Mary by the company. When a company provides such benefits to its employees, a fringe benefit tax is to be levied on it. In Australia the Fringe Benefit Tax for the year ending 31st march 2016 was 49%. On all the given benefits, fringe benefit tax shall be charged, but not all of the benefits shall be taxable. Certain benefits are exempted from fringe benefit tax like any electronic device that has been provided to the employee is exempted (ato.gov.au, 2016). Mary had been provided with benefits by Elite Retail. Following mentioned benefits include those taxable and those not taxable Firstly, Elite Retail paid $4,000 to Mary for transfer of her furniture. On 10th February Mary Jackson was relocating to Brisbane to work at Elite Retail as a marketing consultant. As she was relocating, the company paid for moving her furniture from one place to another. This transfer was a special benefit provided to Mary by the company. Thus, fringe benefit tax is to be levied on it. An entertainment allowance, part of the salary of Mary, was paid to her by the company. An amount of $5,000 was added to her salary. The idea behind the entertainment allowance was that Mary had to meet many clients. She needed to spend a lot of money on meeting the clients hence the company provided her with the entertainment allowance. Had she not been a marketing consultant this benefit would not have been provided to her. Thus, this benefit is provided to her under the fringe benefit tax (legislation.gov.au, 2016). A laptop worth $2,400 and a mobile phone valued at $800 was provided to Mary by the company. The Fringe Benefit Assessment Act clearly states that if an employee is provided with items that are work related to the employee, the item is exempted from fringe benefit tax. Such items like mobile phones, tablets, laptops, computer software, etc are all exempt from fringe benefit tax. Thus, there shall be no fringe benefit tax on the laptop and mobile phone provided by the company. The phone bill of Mary Jackson was being paid by the company for every month. $330 was the monthly phone bill. We assume that GST has been included in the amount. Thus, the yearly bill would be $600. Mary had joined in the month of January. She had worked for two months only. Hence, this would be taxable under the fringe benefit tax. A car was provided to Mary for travel purposes. The car cost the company around $30,000. This benefit was provided to Mary by the company. Thus under Section 7 of the Fringe Benefit Assessment Act 1986 this is taxable. For the professional subscriptions of Mary, the company was paying her an amount of $1,500. If a company pays anything related to work to their employees, fringe benefit tax is to be paid on it. Here, for the subscriptions fringe benefit would be levied. At the end, the company gave a loan to Mary. The loan was given to Mary at a very low interest rate of 4%. It is assumed that the current market rate on the loan was 12%. Thus, being an employee of the company she got a discount of 8%. Thus, the benefit in this case given by the company would be $500,000 * 8%= $40,000 (Section 16, Fringe Benefit Assessment Act). Total amount on which the Fringe Benefit Tax is to be paid by the company = = $(4,000 + 5,000 + 300 + 30,000 + 1,500 + 40,000) =$80,800. Fringe benefit tax rate in Australia is 47%. Thus, Fringe benefit tax= 47% of $80,800 = $37,976. The given question revolves around provisions of Capital Gains with respect to Australia. When an asset is being sold at a price that is higher than the actual cost of the asset, a capital gain tax shall be chargeable on it. However, certain assets are exempt from capital gain tax. Individuals have been provided with some benefits that they can either choose the indexation method or the discount method. In the given case there is Scott who is an individual who sold his property. Being an individual, his capital gain can be calculated either by discount method or indexation method. Discount Method Selling price of the land was= $800,000 *40% = $320,000 Cost price of the land held by Scott =$60,000. Amount of Capital Gain= ($320,000 - $60,000) = $260,000 As the property had been held by Scott for more than 12 months, the discount method shall be applied. Scott had also purchased a painting in the month of February 2005 for an amount of $16,500. The painting was lost by him on September 2015. Even then would capital gain tax will be levied on the painting. This tax shall be a complete loss for Scott. This is similar to the case of Wilson v Jackson. Therefore, Capital gain = 50% of $(260,000 165,000) = $121,750. Indexation Method Net Indexation for the year 1999 =68.7/43.2 = 1.59 Net Indexation for the year 2016 would be =108.6/82.1 = 1.32 Indexed cost of acquisition will be= $60,000 * 1.59 = $95,400 Selling price of the land of Scott= $320,000 Capital gain on the land become = ($320,000 - $95,400) = $224,600 Capital loss on the painting was = $21,780. (ato.gov.au, 2016) Thus, the net capital gain in the question= $(224,600 - 21,780) = $202,820 Thus, as compared to the indexation method, the capital gain from the discount method was lower. Thus, Scott would opt for discount method to calculate capital gain. Net capital gain for Scott = $121,750. Capital gain tax is to be paid on the above amount Had Scott sold his property to his daughter for $200,000 the calculation shall be different from PART A. As per the Act, in the case of a capital asset, its sale value can be either at the amount that it is sold in or the market value of the asset, whichever is higher is to be taken. In the given case, the property was sold by Scott to his daughter for $200,000. The market value of the property was $800,000. Higher of the two values is the market value $800,000. Thus the sale value of the property shall be considered as $800,000. Thus, capital gain in PART B shall be the same as PART A. It will be $121,750. Bibliography Guide, G. (2016). Taxes are high in Australia. Global Property Guide. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Taxes-and-Costs Calculating and paying capital gains tax. (2016). com.au. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.nab.com.au/personal/learn/managing-your-debts/capital-gains-tax Calculating Capital Gains Tax - the basics for Australian investors | deListed Australia. (2016). com.au. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.delisted.com.au/capital-gains-tax/basics Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT). (2016). gov.au. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.business.gov.au/info/run/tax/fringe-benefits-tax Kaleb, J. (2015). Understanding Fringe Benefits Tax 101 - The Pulse Australia. The Pulse Australia. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.myob.com/au/blog/tax-benefits-101/ Small Business - FBT changes for work-related electronic devices. (2016). gov.au. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/new-legislation/in-detail/direct-taxes/fbt/small-business---fbt-changes-for-work-related-electronic-devices/

Military Disrespect

Introduction Disrespect is an action of being rude or discourteous to the authority or person in charge. It is an act that demeans people and causes them to appear as if they do not know what they are doing. Disrespect does not only work for vertical chain of authority but can also be among people of the same rank.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Military Disrespect specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Every organization has got code of conducts which ought to be followed of which if not taken keenly it is termed as disrespect. For example, going against the rule of law is a sign of disrespect and could get one into trouble either with the police or people in charge. The military is one place that requires respect but instead of disrespect. We cannot talk about disrespect without mentioning the essence of respect. The word respect is imperative in today’s setting. It is neither a privilege nor a right. Everybo dy demands respect of some kind. Respect varies in different degrees. The reason for this disparity could be due to the position a person holds in the family, organization, society, and nation or at global level. Respect should be earned. Disrespect in the Military The military is one place that has the highest form of code of conduct. The military has got mandatory rules that have to be followed once someone has sworn an oath to become a member. No military person is permitted to answer back a non commissioned officer. Issues like retaliating or questioning of judgment is not allowed. It is important that every person in the military adhere to the conducts whether in uniform or not. For instance, it could one bad repercussion when he or she shows lack of respect to an NCO when in uniform. Other forms of punishment would include, withdrawal of hard cash earning from the family, dishonorable or honorable separation from the military and travel limitations. Therefore, to prevent such occurrences a person in the army needs to keep the right code of conduct twenty four hours a day, seven days a week and three hundred and sixty five and a quarter days a year.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For the military to achieve such high respect in the society, it takes them sacrifice and commitment. Disrespect in the military in the recent times has been caused by few leaders who compromised the codes of conduct in the past days. This has since been transferred to the junior employees too. Efficiency in the administration of the military can only be achieved through discipline. This applies both in military and life. In order have a high sense of professionalism, it is important to input the actions of discipline that guard other values such as respect, integrity, self commitment and loyalty in work. Respect in the Military involves ranks. In addition, it is likened to the prove rbial saying that goes â€Å"Do unto others whatever you expect to be done for†. Respect will not only apply to the seniors but also to the subordinates, juniors and colleagues. By having taken an oath to be a member of the military, it is mandatory that one respects all the activities ranging from war, humanitarian services and the military system as a whole. Personal respect is also very essential at the military level. It is by respecting oneself that he or she will be able to show others and earn respect too. As a unit, the military appreciates the effort of each and every member hence this reduces the chances of having disrespectful individuals. Therefore, issues of disrespect tend to be very minimal in the military. This essay on Military Disrespect was written and submitted by user Maddox K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised

The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised Introduction The high level of competition and diversity in the modern world has resulted to almost all commodities being highly publicized. In the past, knowledge about prescription drugs was only possible in medical literatures like in medical books, journals or in hospital.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertisement of prescription drugs was rare with the only form of advertisement being placards placed inside the various health centers. However, the world has become more capitalistic in nature, competition has affected all areas of the society and the medical field has not been spared either. The advertisement of prescription drugs has had both essential benefits and potential risks (Sheehan, 2011). First, the media industry has revolutionized with the masses mainly relying on the mass m edia for whatever sort of news. The media has been highly regarded and trusted to provide authentic, well-researched, and detailed news. The manufacturers of prescription drugs have taken this advantage to advertise their merchandise. The high level of advertisement has popularized these drugs and the public have become to regard them as any other drugs. The purchase of the prescription drugs has increased with people buying them like the normal over-the-counter drugs (Thompson, 2009). Problems of prescription drugs being advertised The purchase of prescription drugs has thus been abused. These drugs are restricted by legislation and requires the authorization of a qualified personnel especially a medical practitioner. Their advertisement has made people to overlook this requirement and the usage of these drugs has gone up of which this type of usage is usually not authorized (Schneider, 2011). People are thus exposed to dangers posed by these drugs; some diseases have been reported to be persistent since the dosage taken is not in the right manner. As a result the treatment of certain ailments have been jeopardized since people are no longer seeking the advice of medical practitioners rather they are buying what they think is the right treatment drugs over the counter (Wexler, 2007). Unlawful business enterprises have taken advantage of this situation to produce counterfeit drugs, which are then finding their ways into the market. This has put the public health at risk. In several instances, buying prescription drugs without the approval of the relevant authority has resulted to overdose or drug misuse. As a result, several individuals have been overwhelmed by the overdose poisoning some even losing their lives.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits of prescription drugs being advertised On the other hand, the advertisement of prescription d rugs has made the public to be aware of the various cures for various diverse ailments. People are able to visit a doctor for further information and directives (Goldberg Easton, 2006). Visiting the doctor has facilitated regular medical check up on individuals. The health status of the society has thus been boosted, since the advertisements categorically insist the need to seek medical advice. The advertisement of prescription drugs also enables the public to know which drugs need the consultancy of a medical practitioner as stated by the advertisement. In the contemporary modern world, the pharmacy industry has been flooded with unqualified people posing as pharmacists. Once a person goes to seek advice from them, they sell to the individual the prescription drugs yet they have no qualification to do so. Advertisement of these drugs enables the public to distinguish the over-the-counter drugs and prescription drugs and they are thus able to discern when unauthorized drugs are bei ng sold to them (Edlin Golantry, 2010). Reference List Edlin, G., and Golantry, E. (2010). Health and Wellness. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett publishers Goldberg, R., and Easton, T. (2006). Taking Sides: clashing views on controversial issues in drugs and society. New York: Dushkin Publishers. Schneider, M. (2011). Introduction to public health. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett publishers Sheehan, K. (2004). Controversies in contemporary advertising. Thousand Oaks: Sage PublicationsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thompson, PDR. (2009) PDR pocket guide to prescription drugs, 9th Edition. New York: Simon Shuster Wexler, B. (2007). The Health Care System. New York: Thomson Gale

1.Currency derivatives can be classified into instruments with Essay

1.Currency derivatives can be classified into instruments with symmetrical(fixed)and asymmetrical(open) outcomes.Define their respective characteristics, and use examples to illustrate your answer - Essay Example futures are symmetrical: if one can enter into a forward at a particular price, the price might either go up or come down, and so, one can make either profit or a loss. Forwards are quite common in commodities, and can be used either for speculation or for hedging. Eg: If a person has an order to ship 10000 tons of steel for a period of 6 months at a prefixed price of $1000 per ton. And the person is expecting the price of steel to increase. So, to hedge against the price risk, the person enters into a forward purchase agreement, for 10000 tons 6 months hence. The person position is now fully hedged: if the price of steel increases as expected, person will either claim a delivery from the forward seller, or a net settlement. If the price comes down, person will be obliged to settle by making a payment for the price difference to the forward seller, but will be fully compensated by the pre-fixed price it gets from its own forward sale contract. 2. Options have an asymmetric return profile: an option is an option with one party. The option will be exercised only when the purchaser of the option is in-the-money. Therefore, the only loss in an option is the cost of writing and carrying the option. Hence, options have an asymmetric return profile. On the other hand, the option-seller only makes returns by way of fees or premium for selling the option, against which the person takes the risk of being out-of-money. If the option is not exercised, person makes fees, but if the option is exercised, considerably, the person may lose. For example, if one person is holding a security of $1000 buys an option to put the security at its current price with some other person. Now if the price of the security goes down to $900. The person may exercise to sell the option of the security to some other person at the agreed price of $1000 to protect against the loss of account of turn down in the market value. If, on the other hand, the price of the security is increased to $1100,